Abstract
The endothelium has an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. It is responsible for regulation of vascular tone, blood pressure, tissue perfusion and a wide range of other physiological processes.
Endothelial cells produce variety of substances that control vasomotor responses, the equilibrium between hemostasis and thrombolysis and also vascular permeability. The endothelial dysfunction is accelerated by many factors and is considered as a first step in development of angiopathy and atherosclerosis.
The potential reversibility of the endothelial dysfunction is the reason for an early detection and treatment. Numerous methods have been developed to assess endothelial status.
Methodology of assessment includes biochemical markers, instrumental methods and their combination. The aim of this review is to summarize the methods of assessment, especially used in microcirculation.