Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder with a prevalence in Europe ranging from 5% to 10%. The disease is characterized by an imperative urge to move the legs associated with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs, typically occurring at rest in the evening and during the night.
RLS can lead to disturbances of sleep and an impaired quality of life. It is diagnosed clinically by means of four internationally recognized criteria that summarize the main characteristics of the disorder.
The disease exists in forms classified as idiopathic and secondary. Iron deficiency, end-stage renal disease and pregnancy are well established secondary causes of RLS.
Several neurological disorders are also associated with RLS. Iron and dopamine play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease RLS is a complex genetic disorder, although no disease-causing gene has yet been identified.
Dopaminergic therapy is currently the most effective treatment for this disease.