Advanced methods for the estimation of an unknown projection from a map

Abstract

This article presents two methods for the determination of an unknown map's projection and its parameters. The global minimizing approach is based on the differential evolution algorithm.

The minimized objective function takes into account the feature distribution, together with the shapes of the meridians, parallels, and other 0D-2D elements. The local minimizing approach is based on NLSP.

Two methods, with the determined shifts, or without the shifts, are presented.

Keywords

• digital cartography
• map projection
• global optimizing
• differential evolution
• least squares
• BFGS
• old maps
• analysis
• georeferencing
• cartographic heritage