Employee participation and its forms in both the past and contemporary European economic practice

Abstract

In the paper, three European concepts of employee participation are presented: German codetermination, Basque Mondragón Cooperative, and European Works Councils. Their historical development, fundamental features and functioning principles are described.

The author also clarifies the main points of criticism, which are raised against these participation schemes.

Keywords

• employee participation
• economic democracy
• codetermination
• cooperative
• works councils