As temperatures increase globally, one might expect that altitudinal margins of tree stands will advance upwards. However, range expansion of trees could be significantly affected by both negative and positive interactions with alpine shrubs at existing treeline ecotones.
Here we examine the effects of prostrate dwarf pine (Pinus mugo, Turra) on vegetative propagation of Norway spruce (Picea abies L., Karst) in the treeline ecotone of the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains.