Among the research conceptions of physical education at school can be identified: Modernism, connected with liberal concepts of education and positivist scientism and pragmatic pedagogy. The research advancing the behavioral paradigm and is focusing upon the discovery of generalized laws of human behavior, including teaching and the learning activities; Postmodernism oriented upon critical attitudes toward the former tendencies and conditions which are characteristic for globalization; The research is focusing upon the thinking about practical problems of learning and teaching (socialization) and the critical one which stimulated the participants (the teacher and pupils) to alteration of their behavior.