Macroscopic indicators for the retrospective assessment of Norway spruce crown response to stress in the Krkonose Mountains

Abstract

The relationship between stress response categories and current regenerative processes in the crown, assessed by macroscopic markers on bud development and shoot growth, is outlined.Stress response categories are discussed assuming a sink/source relatio

Keywords

• stress response
• branch structure transformation
• tree vitality
• bud development type
• Picea abies
• bud development types
• vegetative buds
• picea-abies
• simulated herbivory
• multiple stress
• growth
• defoliation
• physiology
• dynamics
• vitality