Novel efficient methods for measuring mesophyll anatomical characteristics from fresh thick sections using stereology and confocal microscopy: application on acid rain-treated Norway spruce needles

Abstract

Recent design-based stereological methods that can be applied to thick sections cut in an arbitrary direction are presented and their implementation for measuring mesophyll anatomical characteristics is introduced.

Keywords

• confocal microscopy
• disector method
• fakir method
• internal surface area
• mesophyll
• Norway spruce
• stereology
• estimating surface-area
• leaf anatomy
• quantitative-analysis
• arbitrary particles
• unbiased estimation
• barley leaf
• leaves
• number
• cells
• light