Phylogeny of the bees of the family Apidae based on larval characters with focus on the origin of cleptoparasitism (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)

Abstract

Phylogeny of the bees of the family Apidae based on larval characters with focus on the origin of cleptoparasitism (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)

Keywords

• cleptoparasitism
• phylogeny
• evolution
• larvae
• morphology
• characters
• Hymenoptera
• Apoidea
• Apidae
• bees