Cryptic intercontinental colonization in water fleas Daphnia pulicaria inferred from phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA variation

Abstract

We used DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial ND5 gene to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of D. pulicaria Forbes, a widespread member of this complex from North America and Europe.

Keywords

• arctic
• colonization
• Daphnia pulex complex
• mtDNA
• ND5
• asexual species complex
• american daphnia
• arctic daphnia
• pulex complex
• holarctic phylogeography
• clonal structure
• glacial refugia
• diversity
• differentiation
• inference