Effect of humic acid on water chemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of aluminium in the freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, at neutral pH

Abstract

The influence of humic acid on the water chemistry of environmentally relevant concentrations of Al at neutral pH was studied, together with its effect on the bioavailability and toxicity of Al in Lymnaea stagnalis.

Keywords

• aluminium
• humic acid
• Lynmaea stagnalis
• aluminium solution chemistry
• aluminium
• bioavailability
• behavioural toxicity
• ATLANTIC SALMON
• NATURAL-WATERS
• AQUATIC HUMUS
• METALS
• COMPLEXATION
• SUBSTANCES
• FRACTIONS
• TRANSPORT
• CADMIUM