Abstract
Aim. GCK-MODY is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes caused by heterozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene leading to a lifelong mild hyperglycemia.
The risk of macrovascular complications is considered low, but studies are limited. We, therefore, investigated the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of macrovascular complications in a group of patients with GCK-MODY.
Methods. Twenty-seven GCK mutation carriers and 24 controls recruited among their first-degree relatives were compared, all aging over 35 years.
The CIMT was tested using a high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasonography. Medical history, anthropometry, and biochemical blood workup were obtained.
Results. The mean CIMT was 0.707 +/- 0.215mm (mean +/- SD) in GCK mutation carriers and 0.690 +/- 0.180mm in control individuals.
When adjusted for age, gender, and family status, the estimated mean difference in CIMT between the two groups increased to 0.049mm (P = 0.19). No difference was detected for other characteristics, with the exception of fasting blood glucose (GCK-MODY 7.6mmol/L +/- 1.2 (136.4mg/dL); controls 5.3mmol/L +/- 0.3 (95.4mg/dL); P < 0.0001) and glycated hemoglobin HbA(1c) (GCK-MODY 6.9% +/- 1.0%, 52mmol/mol +/- 10; controls 5.7% +/- 0.4%, 39mmol/mol +/- 3; P < 0.0001).
The frequency of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke did not differ between groups. Conclusion.
Our data indicate that the persistent hyperglycemia in GCK-MODY is associated with a low risk of developing diabetic macrovascular complications.