The Strength of Direct Selection against Female Promiscuity Is Associated with Rates of Extrapair Fertilizations in Socially Monogamous Songbirds

Abstract

We present results of comparative analysis to show that standardized selection gradients acting against female explain variation in EPF rates at an interspecific level in passerines.

Keywords

• comparative analysis
• direct costs
• female infidelity
• passerines
• EPFs