Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Official diagnosis and treatment guidelines of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society; a novel phenotypic approach to COPD with patient-oriented care
Abstract
COPD is a global concern. Currently, several sets of guidelines, statements and strategies to managing COPD exist around the world.
The Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society (CPPS) has commissioned an Expert group to draft recommended guidelines for the management of stable COPD. Subsequent revisions were further discussed at the National Consensus Conference (NCC).
Reviewers’ comments contributed to the establishment of the document’s final version. The hallmark of the novel approach to COPD is the integrated evaluation of the patient’s lung functions, symptoms, exacerbations and identifications of clinical phenotype(s).
The CPPS defines 6 clinically relevant phenotypes: frequent exacerbator, COPD-asthma overlap, COPD-bronchiectasis overlap, emphysematic phenotype, bronchitic phenotype and pulmonary cachexia phenotype. Treatment recommendations can be divided into four steps. 1st step = Risk exposure elimination: reduction of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), decrease of home and occupational exposure risks. 2nd step = Standard treatment: inhaled bronchodilators, regular physical activity, pulmonary rehabilitation, education, inhalation training, comorbidity treatment, vaccination. 3rd step = Phenotype-specific therapy: PDE4i, ICS+LABA, LVRS, BVR, AAT augmentation, physiotherapy, mucolytic, ABT. 4th step = Care for respiratory insufficiency and terminal COPD: LTOT, lung transplantation, high intensity-NIV and palliative care.
Optimal treatment of COPD patients requires an individualised, multidisciplinary approach to the patient’s symptoms, clinical phenotypes, needs and wishes. The new Czech COPD guideline reflects and covers these requirements.