Abstract
The presented paper deals with masculinity and femininity in several levels: the conceptual and speculative (here I turn readers attention to the „constructivist“ understanding of the subject, i.e. masculinity and femininity), but mainly in the ethnological level with a strong attempt to its relativistic dimensions: variability of cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity in the worlds cultures, with a special attempt to modifications of sexual organs and definitions of gender. The main proposition of the paper suggests that contemporary understanding of masculinity and femininity (especially in the work of Judith Butler) is „nothing but“ return to Margaret Mead.
Old thoughts about cultural determinations of masculinity and femininity that come to its conceptual fulfillment—as it seems—in contemporary feminism.