Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the Fin de siècle popular culture and society in Czech lands. The industrialization and urbanization brought great changes in the development of culture.
The modern popular culture became distinctly urban and it was connected with new urban inhabitants looking for their new common culture. There is presented a hypothesis, that these important processes both in social and culture sphere took came out around the turn of the 20th century, with the emergence of mass society, firstly in urban areas, for whom the arising culture industry started to offer its products.
The development is demonstrated on examples of penny press and brass music. Dime novels, café chantants and other phenomena of early Czech popular culture are mentioned as well.