Abstract
Tics are one of the most common dyskinetic manifestations and represent the principal symptom of primary tic disorders. Tourette syndrome is characterized by a combination of tics and behavioral deviations and represents the most serious of these entities.
Education and lifestyle adjustment are the basis for the trearment of tics. Pharmacological treatment is recommended only fore more severe forms of the disease.
Tiapride, clonazepan, and risperidone are widely use for tic reduction; aripiprazole can be useful in more serious cases. Classical neuroleptics (e.g. heloperidol) are reserved only for the most severe tic symptoms due to their frequent adverse effects.
Atomoxetine and methylphenidate are effective in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults are usually treated with citalopram or fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, setraline, and clomipramine are recommended in children.
The latter drugs can also positively influence the compulsive component of tics.