Abstract
Between the end of Dynasty 20 and the accession of the Saite dynasts a little evident effort was made to fortify the Sinai frontier. But the situation changed radically with the rule of Esarhaddon and his son Ashurbanipal, who invaded Egypt and punished the kings of Egypt and Nubia for their short-sightedness.
Later Piankhy’s record of fighting the northern Libyan coalition in Dynasty 25 makes frequent reference to walls with battlements and gates which could be countered with siege towers/battering rams and the erection of earthen ramps.