The paper is concerned with the Neolithisation of Northeast Africa which, in comparison with the Neolithisation of the Near East and Europe, places this civilisation change into a different light and leads to a number of debates. The exploration of the pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer societies in Northeast Africa, whose better understanding is also the objective of the Czech expedition working in Jebel Sabaloka in the Sudan, allows one to direct the attention to inner preconditions of the local hunter-gatherers for adoption of the productive economy and to contemplate on the Neolithisation from an opposite perspective.