Abstract
This study seeks to provide an overview of the philosophical and theological currents that influenced the thinking and acting of believing Muslims from the time of the rise of Islam to the present. After the initial origin of Shia and Sunni branche of Islam and Islamic sects, the study deals with the historical dispute between Al-Ghazzálí and Averroes.
Gradually, the book describes the main objects of this dispute. They are a problem onenesse of God and its properties, the extent of the knowledge of God, eternity of the world, God as Creator, the question of the existence of cosmic and personal soul, the immortality of the human soul, the human resurrection at the end of the world, and their eternal destiny (heaven-hell).
Furthemore, the study goes to describe contemporary political philosophy and sociology. Finally, the evaluation stands Catholic doctrine in terms of Islam and islamic doctrine in terms of Catholic theology.