Abstrakt
To evaluate the gender-specific differential effects of smoking habits and cumulative smoking exposure on outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). A total of 864 consecutive patients, comprising 553 (64%) men and 311 (36%) women, from five international institutions underwent RNU without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Smoking history included smoking status (current, former or never), quantity of cigarettes per day (CPD), smoking duration in years and years since smoking cessation. Cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light short-term (19 CPD and 19.9 years), moderate (all combinations except light short-term and heavy long-term), and heavy long-term (20 CPD and 20 years).
Uni- and multivariable competing risk regression models were used to assess the associations with outcomes.