Relationships between acid ions and carbonaceous fly-ash particles in deposition at European mountain lakes
Abstrakt
The concentrations of major ions and spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCPs) in bulk deposition were determined in weekly samples from six European mountain lakes during 1997/98. SCPs are produced only from high temperature combustion of fossil-fuels and therefore provide an unambiguous indicator of atmospheric deposition from this source.
Positive correlations were observed between SCPs and SO4 2MINUS SIGN , NO3 MINUS SIGN and NH4 + at all sites except for some determinands at Jorisee (Switzerland) and Starolesnienske (Slovakia). Correlations between SCPs and SO4 2MINUS SIGN + NO3 MINUS SIGN were always more positive than for SCPs with 'total acid ions' (SO4 2MINUS SIGN + NO3 MINUS SIGN + NH4 +).
This is in agreement with the expectation that the contribution to NH4 + deposition made by fossil-fuels is negligible. Good positive correlations between SCPs and all acid anions were observed at Estany Redo (Pyrenees); lower but still positive correlations were observed for all acid ions with SCPs at Gossenköllesee (Austria), Lochnagar and Kårvatn (central Norway), whilst little trend in correlation was observed for Jorisee and Starolesnienske.
It is suggested that this gradient reflects the influence of fossil-fuels on acid deposition in these areas. A high positive correlation was observed between SCP and ClMINUS SIGN at Gossenkollesee possibly as a result of HCl from coal combustion.