Unbiased estimation of anatomical characteristics of Norway spruce needle from thick transverse sections using confocal microscopy.

Abstract

Unbiased estimation of anatomical characteristics (needle volume, inner needle surface, number of msophyll cells, mean volume of mesophyll cells, etc.) of Norway spruce needle from thick transverse sections using confocal microscopy.

Keywords

• confocal microscopy
• autofluorescence
• needle damage
• needle anatomy
• stereology
• fakir method
• disector method
• Cavalieri estimator