For a decade, ribosomal proteins (RP) have attracted much attention from hematologists since a mutation in the RPS19 gene was first discovered in a Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) patient. DBA is a congenital red cell aplasia that is usually diagnosed during early infancy, and strikingly, in addition to defects in red cell maturation the disorder is associated with various physical anomalies in about 40% of patients (MIM# 105650).
To date, heterozygous mutations in nine RP genes have been conclusively associated with DBA.