Abstract
Menopause is characterized by ovarian follicle depletion with consequent estrogen deficiency and a secondary hypergonadotropic state. The period of menopause is usually associated with typical clinical symptoms: hot flushes, sweating, insomnia, palpitations, headaches, migraines, dizziness, nervousness or depression.
In the postmenopausal period, these symptoms are minimized and the late consequences of estrogen deficiency manifest individually, including urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, and fractures of the proximal bone of the hip and vertebral bodies. The causal treatment of menopausal symptoms and the whole complex of late consequences of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency should consist of individualized hormone replacement in a cooperating woman.