Abstract
COPD is a treatable disease that can be prevented. COPD has significant extrapulmonary effects that can contribute to the overall severity of the disease in individual patients.
Its pulmonary component is characterized by a limited air flow in the bronchi (hereafter referred to as bronchial obstruction) which is not fully reversible. Bronchial obstruction usually progresses and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful particles and gases.
Bronchial obstruction typical for COPD results from a common involvement of the small airways (obstructive bronchiolitis) and the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema). Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for developing COPD.
Cessation of smoking is essential for treatment. Treatment consists of both short- and long-acting bronchodilators.
Inhaled corticosteroids may be given to reduce the exacerbation rate.