Abstract
Methods We did this 7 day cohort study between April 4 and April 11, 2011. We collected data describing consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations.
Patients were followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.
Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay and admission to critical care. We used chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables.
Significance was set at p<0.05. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for the differences in mortality rates between countries.
Findings We included 46 539 patients, of whom 1855 (4%) died before hospital discharge. 3599 (8%) patients were admitted to critical care after surgery with a median length of stay of 1.2 days (IQR 0.9-3.6). 1358 (73%) patients who died were not admitted to critical care at any stage after surgery. Crude mortality rates varied widely between countries (from 1.2% [95% CI 0.0-3.0] for Iceland to 21.5% [16.9-26.2] for Latvia).
After adjustment for confounding variables, important differences remained between countries when compared with the UK, the country with the largest dataset (OR range from 0.44 [95% CI 0.19-1.05; p=0.06] for Finland to 6.92 [2.37-20.27; p=0.0004] for Poland). Interpretation The mortality rate for patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery was higher than anticipated.
Variations in mortality between countries suggest the need for national and international strategies to improve care for this group of patients.