Abstract
The leg went through a series of changes during its development; its development is not finished by far, the civilization influences play their role here. Hyperlaxicity, hypermobility of the joints support the occurrence of static defects already in childhood, in the same way as wearing fashion shoes in the period of adolescence and adulthood with all its consequences.
In this way flat foot is formed with subjective difficulties - fatigue, pain and form changes of the leg - for example hallux valgus, digiti mallei. Changes of the muscle balance are the reason of different deformations in the field of the sole and neurogenic diseases (cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, morbus Charcot-MarieTooth, congenital myotonic dystrofia).
Congenital defects of the foot occur with the frequency of 1 per 1000 newborn children. In spite of the current timely prenatal diagnostics, where severe systemic inflictions can be eliminated, there is a demand of intensive conservative and possibly surgical therapy with following after-surgical orthotic care, especially of the congenital rigid defects of the foot.
We spend approximately 80% of the time on our legs, that is why the plantigrade position of the foot with developed longitudinal and transverse arches is more than a necessity. The meaning of this article is to point out the problem of the most frequent congenital and acquired defects of different etiology and the options of their treatment.