Abstract
Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer with approximately 80-90 newly diagnosed patients in the Czech Republic per year. About 80% of leukemias are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), about 15% are acute myeloid leukemias (AML).
Other types of leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc.) are rare in children. Acute myeloid leukemia in adolescents does not differ significantly from AML in childhood, the probability of permanent cure is around 40%.
Likewise, chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, rare in childhood and adolescence, do not show significant differences depending on age. Only with the difference compared to adults that due to the age perspective and low comorbidity, all pediatric and adolescent patients are indicated for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.