Abstract
Czech Republic occupies top positions in the world statistics on incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Due to the relatively long time of carcinogenesis it is possible to detect and remove premalignant lesions in time as a result of screening programmes.
National screening programme for colorectal cancer has been going on in the Czech Republic since 2000. The basic methods of the screening programme are occult blood tests and colonoscopy.
Alternative, but not the full value examinations include sigmoidoscopy, CT colography and capsule colonoscopy. The requirements for an effective screening programme are regular evaluations of the programme's quality and high participation of the target population.
For adequate coverage of the target population it is necessary to transform the national screening programme to a population programme by introducing addressed invitations for the target population.