Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure are diseases with a high prevalence both in Europe and worldwide. Heart failure is often seen as a comorbidity in COPD patients, as they have similar risk factors, such as smoking, older age and systemic inflammation.
Their similar clinical manifestation presents clinical challenges when recognizing one disease in the presence of the other. The treatment of heat failure in patients with COPD is often not satisfactory due to the fear higher incidence of adverse effects.