Abstract
This study is the research project comprises seven longer units. The first part deals with the concept of secularization and its impact on the church and modern society.
The second and third part focuses on the content of religion, in the Bible , in liberal theology and later in atheism. But the content of the fourth part also relates to religion namely in dialectic theology in the 20th century of Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
The fourth section follows the theological and philosophical discussions about Christianity and religion in the former Czechoslovakia. The content of the sixth part is dedicated to the ongoing theological debates about the natural knowledge of God (E.
Brunner, P.Althaus , P.Tillich ). The seventh, final part of this study shows that the earlier problems of modern man : secularism, atheism and religion are also present in the contemporary postmodern society, and sets up the prospect of essential need of interfaith dialogue in today's world .