Abstract
Dyslipidemias are the most frequent disorder among all metabolic diseases. Dyslipidemias represent risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) disease development.
Level of plasma lipids and global CV risk are both determinants of dyslipidemia clinical significance. Pathophysiological background of lipid metabolism disorder depends on an interaction of genetic predisposition and life-style habits.
The main sense of dyslipidemia management is to reduce CV morbidity and mortality. The primary aim of dyslipidemia therapyt is to reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol (ch) concentration; statin is the 1-st choice drug.
When the recommended LDL-ch level is not achieve, it is possible to add ezetimibe to statiín therapy. Enormously elevated triglycerides (TG) level (more than 7 mmol/l) brings very high risk for acute pancreatitis.
Moderately elevated TG level (especially in combination with low level of HDL-ch; atherogenic dyslipidemia) is considered as a marker for atherosclerotic CV disease risk. The secondaty aim of dyslipidemia therapy is non-HDL-ch or apolipoprotein B.
Pharmacotherapy of atherogenic dyslipidemia is not yet clear; combined therapy with statin and fibrates or statin with ezetimibe are still recommended. All recommended levels of LDL-ch (primary aim), non-HDL-ch and/or apolipoprotein B (secondary aims) according to the global CV risk are presented in this chapter.