Abstract
The authors describe briefly recent views on physiological, pathological and practical aspects of calcium and vitamin D. The sources of calcium are the nutrients, mammal milk and milk products as well as pharmaceutical products.
Their beneficial and potentially hazardous effects are discussed. The insufficiency of vitamin D [25(OH)D3] is a global health problem and the necessity of monitoring of this hepatic metabolite (as a marker) is emphasized due to its role in physiological and pathological processes.