This chapter aims to introduce the life and work of Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, a large-scale entrepreneur in the sugar industry and banker in Vienna in the Austro-Hungarian empire and in the inter-war period, when he also transacted business in Czechoslovakia. The text presents the life and activities of his wife, Adele Bloch-Bauer, patron and sitter for the celebrated painter Gustav Klimt, whose best-known portrait, Lady in Gold, is regarded as 'Austrian Mona Lisa'.