Abstrakt
The aim of this study was to identify and compare parameters of lower limb power in three different jump tests in elite soccer goalkeepers. The next aim was to describe and compare strength asymmetries of force exerted by lower limbs in the take-off phase in all tests.
The research group consisted of 25 elite soccer goalkeepers (age 26.5 +- 9.1 years, height 186.1 +- 7.8 cm, weight 86.7 +- 14.8 kg). Three types of a vertical jump - countermovement jump with arms included (CMJFA), countermovement jump with arms excluded (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) were performed on two force platforms.
Following parameters were assessed - maximum force during the take-off phase Fmax (N) and their relative value Frel (N . kg-1), jump height h (m) and force asymmetry between limbs (INCREMENT Fmax). RM ANOVA was used in statistical analysis.
The type of jump had a significant effect on jump height (F2, 48 = 109.66, p < .01, η2 = .82). The highest jump was reached in CMJFA.
This result was higher by 11.1% (5.01 cm) in comparison to CMJ and by 19.9% (8.98 cm) than in SJ. Type of jump significantly influenced Fmax (F1.6, 38.7 = 44.29, p < .01, η2 = .65) and Frel (F2, 48 = 50.33, p < .01, η2 = .68).
Force asymmetry between limbs (INCREMENT Fmax) was significantly different with respect to the type of jump performed (F1.3, 31.7 = 5.14, p < .05, η2 = .18). The highest force asymmetry was found in CMJFA test (INCREMENT Fmax = 8.61%), while the difference in CMJ test was (7.06%) and in SJ test (INCREMENT Fmax = 3.95%).
We found a significantly greater difference in INCREMENT Fmax between CMJFA vs. SJ (p < .05) and CMJ vs.
SJ (p < .01). The best results of jump height were achieved, as expected in the CMJFA but in this test also the greatest force asymmetry was detected.