The article deals with the influences that Esotericism and Occult have had on the Italian culture and literature at the beginning of the 20th century, and shows how Esotericism has now emerged as an academic study in order to clarify the influence it has had on culture in general. The article focuses on several important Italian figures and literary movements that took inspiration from Occult and Western Esotericism, and wants to offer a new way of understanding the relationship between esotericism and Italian culture at the beginning of the 20th century.