Treatment and Outcomes of Urethral Recurrence of Urinary Bladder Cancer in Women after Radical Cystectomy and Orthotopic Neobladder: A Series of 12 Cases
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence, treatment, and outcome of urethral recurrence (UR) after radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with orthotopic neobladder in women have rarely been addressed in the literature. Patients and Methods: A total of 12 patients (median age at recurrence: 60 years) who experienced UR after RC with an orthotopic neobladder were selected for this study from a cohort of 456 women from participating institutions.
The primary clinical and pathological characteristics at RC, including the manifestation of the UR and its treatment and outcome, were reviewed. Results: The primary bladder tumors in the 12 patients were urothelial carcinoma in 8 patients, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient each, and mixed histology in 2 patients.
Three patients (25%) had lymph node-positive disease at RC. The median time from RC to the detection of UR was 8 months (range 4-55).
Eight recurrences manifested with clinical symptoms and 4 were detected during follow-up or during a diagnostic workup for clinical symptoms caused by distant metastases. Treatment modalities were surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin urethral instillations.
Nine patients died of cancer. The median survival after the diagnosis of UR was 6 months.
Conclusions: UR after RC with an orthotopic neobladder in females is rare. Solitary, noninvasive recurrences have a favorable prognosis when detected early.
Invasive recurrences are often associated with local and distant metastases and have a poor prognosis. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel