Abstract
The chapter describes the history and present state of research in mathematics education in the Czech Republic. Important milestones of the international history of mathematics education research are summed and their influence on national research is identified.
Particular attention is devoted to the methodology of research in mathematics education and selected present influential theories such as the theory of didactic situations and the theory of generic models. Current problems of mathematics education from the point of view of research are divided into four areas: Knowledge and education of (future) mathematics teachers, Classroom research, Research of pupils' mathematical reasoning and Technology in the teaching of mathematics.
Each area is illustrated by national research. Finally, the perspectives of the development of research in mathematics education in the Czech Republic are summarised. .