Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is regulated not only by host immunity but also by several metabolic factors regulating liver metabolism including oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in HCV infection.
Cytotoxic lymphocytes have a crucial role in viral eradication or viral persistence. Major cause of viral persistence during HCV infection could be the development of a weak antiviral immune response to the viral antigens, with corresponding inability to eradicate infected cells.