Abstract
Substance P is a prominent member of the tachykinin family and play well-recognized role as excitatory neurotransmitter. Mammalian SP origins from TAC1 gen.
The biological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of neurokinin receptors denoted NK1-NK3 that belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. SP is widely distributed within the peripheral and central nervous systems, and in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune system.
Due to broad distribution in the body, SP has many physiological roles. SP is involved in vomiting, induction of vasodilation and inflammation.
Currently, the theory that SP acts exclusively as neuropeptide is being change, since this neuropeptide is present in non-neuronal cells and acts via non-neurokinins receptor. Agonists and antagonists of SP receptor could provide clinical solutions for a variety of diseases.