Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is one of the treatment options for chronic kidney failure. It is the first-choice method of treatment in patients indicated for deceased-donor kidney transplantation.
The principle of this method consists in removing substances and water through the peritoneum into the dialysis fluid filled into the abdominal cavity. Peritoneal dialysis is self-administered by the patient at home and there are monthly follow-up visits at the dialysis centre.
The dialysis fluid is introduced and removed from the abdominal cavity manually (the CAPD method) or by using a device (the APD method). A peritoneal catheter is placed permanently in the abdominal cavity.
Peritonitis and fluid retention are the most serious complications. Peritonitis is treated with antibiotics administered intraperitoneally according to sensitivity.
Fluid retention is treated by adjusting the dialysis schedule (the number of exchanges) or by using solutions with a higher glucose concentration and increasing diuretics. Peritoneal dialysis is suitable for most patients with kidney failure.
It is contraindicated in patients with peritoneal adhesions, those with hernias, or those with poor hygiene habits. The method provides a better quality of life, the possibility of being independent of the dialysis centre, and freedom to travel, but also requires the patient's active approach. catheter, icodextrine.