Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th Century, Chinese world was greatly influenced by the Western world. New modern thoughts were part of the life of most scholars, amongst them Hu Shi.
As a fervent science defender, he tried to establish a faith which was not based on superstition or religion, but on solid ground of modern science. According to his theory of social immortality, there was no immortal soul, nor heaven or hell.
And yet, there was an immortality which everyone can achieve. And that was achievable by society, because society was immortal.
New modern man was supposed to be free, but also responsible for the society - he was immortal through the contribution (no matter how big or small) to the society and future of the human kind.