Abstract
AimWe analysed the effects of acute temperature change on the beating rate, conduction properties and calcium transients in the chick embryonic heart invitro and in ovo. MethodsThe effects of temperature change (34, 37 and 40 degrees C) on calcium dynamics in isolated ED4 chick hearts invitro were investigated by high-speed calcium optical imaging.
For comparison and validation of invitro measurements, experiments were also performed in ovo using videomicroscopy. Artificial stimulation experiments were performed invitro and inovo to uncover conduction limits of heart segments.
ResultsDecrease in temperature from 37 to 34 degrees C invitro led to a 22% drop in heart rate and unchanged amplitude of Ca2+ transients, compared to a 25% heart rate decrease in ovo. Increase in temperature from 37 to 40 degrees C invitro and in ovo led to 20 and 23% increases in heart rate, respectively, and a significant decrease in amplitude of Ca2+ transients (atrium -35%, ventricle -38%).
We observed a wide spectrum of arrhythmias invitro, of which the most common was atrioventricular (AV) block (57%). There was variability of AV block locations.
Pacing experiments invitro and in ovo suggested that the AV blocks were likely caused by relative tissue hypoxia and not by the tachycardia itself. ConclusionThe pacemaker and AV canal are the most temperature-sensitive segments of the embryonic heart.
We suggest that the critical point for conduction is the connection of the ventricular trabecular network to the AV canal.