Flecainide versus digoxin for fetal supraventricular tachycardia: Comparison of two drug treatment protocols
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with 1:1 atrioventricular relationship is unclear. OBJECTIVE We compared the effectiveness of transplacental treatment protocols used in 2 centers.
METHODS Pharmacologic treatment was used in 84 fetuses. Maternal oral flecainide was the primary therapy in center 1 (n = 34) and intravenous maternal digoxin in center 2 (n = 50).
SVT mechanism was classified by mechanical ventriculoatrial (VA) time intervals as short VA or long VA. Treatment success was defined as conversion to sinus rhythm (SR), or rate control, defined as >15% rate reduction.
RESULTS Short VA interval occurred in 67 fetuses (80%) and long VA in 17 (20%). Hydrops was present 28 of 84 (33%).
For short VA SVT, conversion to SR was 29 of 42 (69%) for digoxin and 24 of 25 (96%) for flecainide (P=.01). For long VA SVT, conversion to SR and rate control was 4 of 8 (50%) and 0 of 8, respectively, for digoxin, and 6 of 9 (67%) and 2 of 9 (cumulative 89%) for flecainide (P=.13).
In nonhydropic fetuses, digoxin was successful in 23 of 29 (79%) and flecainide in 26 of 27 (96%) (P=.10). In hydrops, digoxin was successful in 8 of 21 (38%), flecainide alone in 6 of 7 (86%, P=.07 vs digoxin), and flecainide amiodarone in 7 of 7 (100%) (P=.01).
Intrauterine or neonatal death occurred in 9 of 21 hydropic fetuses treated with digoxin (43%), compared to 0 of 7 (P=.06) treated with flecainide. CONCLUSIONS Flecainide was more effective than digoxin, especially when hydrops was present.
No adverse fetal outcomes were attributed to flecainide.