Abstract
Japanese mathematician Kinnosuke Ogura, influenced by Marxism, criticized in 1935 Ludwig Bieberbach's racist typology of mathematical styles as ahistoric. Ogura was frequently translated into Chinese, his criticism of Bieberbach even twice, once by a Communist-leaning intellectual, once by the future head of the Kuomintang Secret Service.
As the topic of national character of science was discussed in China, the German example served as a warning against excesses of nationalism.