Abstract
The paper is devoted to the central theme of Jelínek's research interests - the anthropogenesis and the effort to present in the premises of the Anthropos Institute the evolution of mankind through prehistoric artefacts, prehistoric hominid fossils and artistic reconstructions of their appearance and way of life. In this part of the monograph, the evolution of mankind and culture is analysed and interpreted in the context of contemporary paleoanthropological knowledge and the present collection of fossil remains that Jelínek amassed.