Abstract
In this article, we focused on the mechanism of action of insulin and also on the interaction between insulin, leptin and adiponectin on the functioning of the IGF1 signaling pathway. The relationship between IGF1 and risk of cancer is often discussed.
Less often it is mentioned relationship of other biomarkers which according to recent findings directly affect the function of the insulin receptor, which is also involved in functioning of IGF1 pathway. Insulin receptor is able to transduct the signal and activate IGF1 pathways, which means cell growth, proliferation etc.
Many studies have confirmed the relationship between insulin resistance with high insulin levels and increased risk of cancer. High serum levels of insulin lead to activation of pro-growth and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in cells and promote increased synthesis of IGF1 in the liver.
This process can lead to an increased risk of developing tumors. Leptin acts like IGF1 and insulin - activates pro-growth pathways.
Adiponectin promotes insulin receptor function, and also has direct pro-apoptotic effect. Effects of individual biomarkers summarizes the general scheme.