Abstract
Obesity is blamed for over 2.8 million annual deaths all over the world with increasing prevalence of related comorbidities, including metabolic (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) and non-metabolic disorders (e.g. cancer, stroke, depression, polycystic ovary syndrome, fat liver disease, glomerulopathy, bone fragility etc.) The aim of the study was to describe the causes and remedies of obesity. There are two primary causes for the increase in obesity: lack of an active lifestyle and poor nutrition.
Fortunately, inactivity and poor nutrition are causes that can be altered through intervention. The PA based on walking in duration of 5 months were used in subjects with BMI>30kg.m-1.
The PA was controlled in 192 middle age women, 67 men of the same age, and 58 women seniors with help the pedometer Omron HJ720IT and energy content was controlled by Caltrac, and by relationship between speed of walking and VO2. VO2peak was improved from 13.2+-2.1% in women to 15.1+-2.4% in men, and by 13.0+-2.7% in senior women.
Similarly was altered the motor performance - maximal speed of walking on the treadmill about 11.3+-2.6% in women and16.2+-3.1% in men, and by 10.8+-2.6% in senior women. %BF was decreased by 7.2+-1.9% in women and by 6.5+-2.0% in men, and by 6.7+-2.4% in senior women. Together with these variables were significantly improved the predispositions for physical and workload evaluated by ECM/BCM coefficient (6.8+-2.5% in women, 7.9+-3.1% in men, and 8.5+-3.0% in senior women).
We may concluded that walking with the mean energy content of 1500kcal.week-1 (9430 +- 840steps.day-1)in females and men of middle age, and energy content about 1000 kcal.week-1 (6930 +- 610steps.day-1) in senior women is able to significantly reduce the overweight and/or obesity and an improve actual fitness state in subjects without regular movement regime.