Abstract
The text focuses specifically on changes that the Mandaean community have undergone in Iraq in the 20th and 21st century. Firstly, he comments on the changes pertaining to the inhabited locations; subsequently, the changes in the social environment, the ritual practices, and, finally, he focuses on the political involvement of the Mandaean laymen.
His analysis highlights the contrast between the situation of the Mandaeans living in Iraq during Saddam Hussein's regime and their, rather ambiguous, position after 2003. Mandaeans achieved having top political representation; however, considering the long-term insecurity there, they can hardly plan to be associated with Iraq in the future.